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Plastics have become one of the most ubiquitous materials used globally, and global production has on average increased by about 9% per year since 1950.The plastic industry has become a major economic actor with revenue of about 1,722 billion Euros in 2015. The issue of plastics ending up in the oceans and harming marine lifeforms has been known since the 1970s. Research focusing on the impacts associated with exposure of organisms to marine micro and macroplastics has been ongoing for

The Organisation for Economic Co‑operation and Development (OECD) is a multi‑disciplinary inter governmental organisation, tracing its roots back to the post‑World War II Marshall Plan. Today, it comprises 35 member countries and the European Commission committed to democratic government and the market economy, with the major emerging economies increasingly engaged directly in the work.The Environment Directorate of the OECD helps countries design environmental policies that are both economically efficient and effective at achieving their environmental objectives.The Environment Directorate provides policy

The present paper was produced as part of the project: "Gender and Chemicals: Issues, Stakeholders, Strategies", conducted by the MSP Institute in 2017. We reviewed relevant literature and international policy making processes, and conducted 20 expert interviews between May and October 2017.

Knowledge and information sharing are critical components of the SAICM goal. Since the inception of SAICM, there have been advances in the availability and quality of chemical safety information. However, information gaps remain and there is a large discrepancy in the understanding of the number of chemicals in commerce amongst the various stakeholders. There is a need to draw upon experiences from various regulatory approaches that exist across the globe to have a better understanding and collective overview. The current

The term nanomaterials refers to materials that have at least one dimension (height, width or length) that is smaller than 100 nanometres (10−7 metre), which is about the size of a virus particle. This particular size dimension represents a major characteristic of manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs). The unique properties of MNMs may result in highly desirable behaviour leading to such varying applications as better paints, better drugs and faster electronics. However, for the same reason, MNMs may also present health hazards

A Tough Story of Leather analyses the situation for workers in the Italian tanning industry.This report has been produced by Centro Nuovo Modello di Sviluppo (CNMS) and the Campagna Abiti Puliti in 2016. This research, which forms part of the Change your Shoes project, focuses on the so called Leather Republic: the Santa Croce District. This report has been produced by Centro Nuovo Modello di Sviluppo (CNMS) and the Campagna Abiti Puliti in 2016. A Tough Story of Leather analyses

This report provides an update and further assessment of the sources, fate and effects of microplastics in the marine environment, carried out by Working Group 40 (WG40) of GESAMP (The Joint Group of Experts on Scientific Aspects of Marine Protection).It follows publication of the first assessment report in this series in April 2015 (GESAMP 2015). The issue of marine plastic litter was raised during the inaugural meeting of the United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA) in June 2014. Delegates from 160

Better waste management offers great potential to help us meet the sustainability challenges ahead. Targeting decision-makers and many other inter-connected sectors, the Global Waste Management Outlook (GWMO) was launched at the World Congress of The International Solid Waste Association (ISWA) in Belgium on 7 September, 2015 . The publication also contains two summary documents, making the information concise and accessible.Developed by UNEP in collaboration with ISWA in response to the UNEP Governing Council request of February 2013, its goal was