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We present a list of Chemicals of Concern (CoCs) in plastic toys. We started from available studies reporting chemical composition of toys to group plastic materials, as well as to gather mass fractions and function of chemicals in these materials. Chemical emissions from plastic toys and subsequent human exposures were then estimated using a series of models and a coupled near-field and far-field exposure assessment framework. Comparing human doses with reference doses shows high Hazard Quotients of up to 387

Over the past decade a great amount of interest has arisen regarding the occurrence and fate of trace organic contaminants in the aquatic environment. Of particular concern are human hormones and pharmaceuticals, many of which are ubiquitous contaminants in conventional municipal wastewater treatment plant effluents when measured with ng/L detection limits. As analytical procedures and bioassay techniques become more readily available and increasingly sensitive, new contaminants will be discovered. The presence or absence of any chemical in a wastewater effluent

Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are a group of chemical compounds with diverse physical and chemical properties. Recent studies have indicated undesired effects of EDCs and PPCPs at their reported trace concentrations. This paper reviews the current knowledge on the sources, properties, occurrence and health impacts of EDCs and PPCPs, and their removal from drinking water using ozonation and ozone/hydrogen peroxide-based advanced oxidation. The paper also examines the potential threats posed by these chemicals

Environmental contamination with pharmaceuticals is widespread, inducing risks to both human health and the environment. This paper explores potential societal solutions to human and veterinary pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. To this end, we adopt transition research’s multi-level perspective framework, which allows us to understand the dynamics underlying pharmaceutical emissions and to recognize social and technical factors triggering change. The authors' qualitative analysis is based on data collected through literature research and interviews with actors from pharmaceutical industry, the health

The environmental occurrence of antimicrobial pharmaceuticals and antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistant genes has become a global phenomenon and a multifaceted threat. Integrated actions of many parties are needed to prevent further aggravation of the problem. Well-directed actions require clear understanding of the problem, which can be ensured by frequent revaluation of the existing knowledge and disseminating it among relevant audiences. The goal of this review paper is to discuss the occurrence and abundance of antimicrobial pharmaceuticals in the

China is a major producer of paints which supplies a considerable share of paints in the world. Key paint production hot spots were identified as Guangdong, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Hunan and Shandong provinces and cities. The cost of removing existing decorative lead paint from surfaces in homes, schools, and other buildings is significant. By comparison, the cost for eliminating the use of lead compounds in new decorative paints is low and alternatives to lead additives are available for all types of

The World Health Organization (WHO) with the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) has launched the initiative called "Global Alliance to Eliminate Lead Paint" whose goal is to phase-out the manufacture and sale of paintings that contain lead thereby reducing the exposition to this metal and eliminating its risks and effects on the population.In Ecuador, CEER is the technical executor of the project “Lead-free paints”, carried out with the technical support of the Cleaner Production Centre of Serbia, experts from the

Elimination of Lead in Paint in Indonesia - Baseline Information - Indonesia’s paint marketIndonesia holds the first position as the biggest market in paint and coating in South East Asia with the 268 million population and high urbanization rate (57%). Indonesian paint and coating industry growth rate is 6% annually for the past five consecutive years. Paint and coating industry in Indonesia involves six multinational, four domestic, and large numbers of small-scale domestic producers, with the most demand from architectural

Lead in Nigerian paints is another route of lead into the environment and exposure can be caused as a result of inhalation or ingestion especially in children. In 2008, SRADeV Nigeria under the auspices of International Pollutants Elimination Network (IPEN) collected and analyzed decorative paints produced and/or marketed in Nigeria. All the sampled paint brands were found to contain lead higher than 90ppm, in fact up to an alarming level of 129,837ppm in one case. At that time, there were

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have established the joint initiative Global Alliance to Eliminate Lead Paint (Lead Paint Alliance) to prevent children’s exposure to lead from paints containing lead and to minimize occupational exposures to lead paints. The broad objective of the Alliance is to promote a phase-out of the manufacture and sale of paints containing lead and eventually eliminate the risks from such paint.CER/Grupo GEA implements the Component 1 “Promoting regulatory and voluntary